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Laboratory diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
Chlupáčová, Tereza ; Bílek, Radovan (advisor) ; Švandová, Ivana (referee)
1 Phaeochromocytomas are tumors predominantly rare to chromaffin tissue in adrenal glands' medulla. Tumors in the extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue are called paragangliomas. Phaeochromocytomas cause secretion of high amounts of catecholamines, which can lead to fatal consequences if not medically treated. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the so far known facts about this severe disease in a written review. The first part of the study focuses on issues of phaeochromocytoma research and lists general information about these tumors and their clinical manifestations. The importance of genetic influence in connection with treatment strategies for patients with phaeochromocytoma is also discussed. The second part of the thesis summarizes procedures and methods used in laboratory diagnostics of phaeochromocytomas. The conclusion briefly describes the possibilities of tumor localization using imaging technologies and procedures of subsequent treatment of patients with phaeochromocytoma.
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Detekce napadení obilnin listovými chorobami pomocí termálního zobrazování, zobrazovací fluorescence a spektrální odrazivosti
Mezera, Jiří
In the theoretical part of this thesis there is summarized the basic knowledge about the fungal leaf diseases of cereals, their harmfulness and technologies of precision agriculture. The practical part deals with the detection of cereal infestation with fungal leaf diseases using noninvasive optical methods. The research was conducted on winter wheat using methods based on spectral reflectance, infrared thermal imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, and blue-green fluorescence imaging. The tested diseases were powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici), wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), and wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici).). In the case of spectral reflectance, the best results were obtained for spectral indices ANMB650-725 and ZM generally. Overall, the best results for all methods were achieved in the detection of wheat leaf rust. A very good indicator of disease infestation was infrared thermal imaging, with a higher level of infection implying an increase in leaf temperature and a lower difference between leaf and air temperature. Reliability of detection by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging differs between individual diseases, with the best results being generally achieved for actual quantum yield PSII and the non-photochemical quenching. The most promising method for the future is the blue-green fluorescence imaging, which achieved very good results for both, the estimation of infection level and contrast between the infected and the healthy part of the leaf.
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Laboratory diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
Chlupáčová, Tereza ; Bílek, Radovan (advisor) ; Švandová, Ivana (referee)
1 Phaeochromocytomas are tumors predominantly rare to chromaffin tissue in adrenal glands' medulla. Tumors in the extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue are called paragangliomas. Phaeochromocytomas cause secretion of high amounts of catecholamines, which can lead to fatal consequences if not medically treated. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the so far known facts about this severe disease in a written review. The first part of the study focuses on issues of phaeochromocytoma research and lists general information about these tumors and their clinical manifestations. The importance of genetic influence in connection with treatment strategies for patients with phaeochromocytoma is also discussed. The second part of the thesis summarizes procedures and methods used in laboratory diagnostics of phaeochromocytomas. The conclusion briefly describes the possibilities of tumor localization using imaging technologies and procedures of subsequent treatment of patients with phaeochromocytoma.
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Algorithm of imaging methods in suspicion on pulmonary tuberculosis
MIKULÁŠOVÁ, Jana
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which more than 8 million people are taken ill with throughout the world every year. During the last decade more than 30 million people succumbed to it. The Czech Republic succeeds in decreasing the number of TB cases, despite of it the physicians warn how dangerous is still this infectious disease. Basic diagnostic examination in pulmonary TB is an X-ray examination. Radiophotography, so called {\clqq}štítovka`` enacted remarkable part in combating TB. This apparatus was used in past for collective X-ray examination. The disadvantage of this technique is substantionally higher radiation load. In my work I dealt mostly with contemporary possibilities of radiodiagnostics in pulmonary TB examination (with regard to radiophotography). I carried out measurement of entering surface kerma with the help of water phantom in different work places, with different types of machines. In my thesis I compared examination techniques, both from the point of diagnostic yield , and from the point of patients´ radiation load. X-ray diagnostics participates in big rate in medical irradiation, which is the most important part in human irradiation from artificial radiation sources. Implementation of new diagnostic methods (especially computer tomography) resulted in important expansion of diagnostic possibilities . On the other hand, historical equipment still functions, e.g. cabin machines for imaging from the photographic plate. The most important factors affecting radiation load of patients is modern machine equipment, regular running of tests of long-term stableness and working steadiness , as well as protective aids use. In every work place with sources of ionizing radiation a permanent supervision on respecting of radiation protection rules must be ensured.
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